Stable liquid soap personal cleanser

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to liquid dispersoidal cleansing compositions comprising: 55% to 90% water; 5% to 20% saturated (low IV) higher (high titer) fatty acid potassium soap; 3% to 18% of free fatty acids; said soap and said free fatty acids having a ratio of about 1:0.5 to 1:1; and wherein said liquid cleanser has a viscosity of 4,000 cps to about 100,000 cps at about 25° C.; and wherein said liquid cleanser is phase stable.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention is related to liquid soap products, especiallypumpable facial cleansers and bath/shower compositions which areformulated for viscosity control or phase stability.

BACKGROUND ART

Liquid personal cleansing compositions are well known. Patentsdisclosing such compositions are U.S. Pat. No. 3,697,644, Laiderman,issued Oct. 10, 1972; U.S. Pat. No. 3,932,610, Rudy et al., issued Jan.13, 1976; U.S. Pat. No. 4,031,306, DeMartino et al., issued Jun. 21,1977; U.S. Pat. No. 4,061,602, Oberstar et al., issued Dec. 6, 1977;U.S. Pat. No. 4,387,040, Straw, issued Jun. 7, 1983; and U.S. Pat. No.4,917,823, Maile, Jr., issued Apr. 19, 1990; and Brit. Pat. No.1,235,292, published Jun. 17, 1971.

More liquid soaps comprise mostly "soluble," "unsaturated," shorterchains, e.g., lauric/oleic soaps for phase stability. This, however,compromises lather quality or mildness.

Brit. Pat. 1,235,292, supra, discloses a mix of K/Na soap; at least 5% Ksoap; and 0.1-5% alkyl cellulose. The '292 soaps are natural. Naturalfatty acids contain some unsaturation and therefore have higher IodineValues and lower titers. The '292 exemplified liquid soaps contain fromabout 17% to about 21.5% soap and up to 1% free fatty acid.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,387,040, supra, discloses a stable liquid K soapcontaining a viscosity controlling agent composed of coco-DEA and sodiumsulfate. Saturated acid soaps of C₁₂ -C₁₄ are used. The viscosity of the'040 soap is 1,000-1,500 cps at 25° C., RVT/Spindle 3/10 rpm. Free fattyacid is not taught. Some of the '040 formulations contain electrolyteand polymeric thickener; but those formulations are disclosed asunstable. It should also be noted that lauric acid soap is a relativelyharsh soap and when used at higher levels (as used in '040) worksagainst product mildness.

Newtonian liquids which are too viscous are more difficult to pump thanshear thinning liquids. Liquid "soap" products on the market today aremostly Newtonian or only slightly to moderately shear thinning liquids.

While it is known to use natural potassium (K) soap to make liquidcleansing compositions, there is no teaching or suggestion of solutionsto certain problems encountered with superfatted, saturated, low IodineValue (IV), higher fatty acid (FFA) soaps.

Specifically, phase stability, good lather, and viscosity control andstability are heretofore unsolved, or only partially solved, problems inthis art.

While these previously disclosed liquid soap formulations are notsubject, or are subject to a lesser degree, to one or more of theabove-described deficiencies, it has been found that furtherimprovements in physical stability and stability against rheologicalproperties variations with time or temperature are desired to increasethe shelf life of the product and thereby enhance consumer acceptance.

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a liquidcleansing bath/shower soap composition which is phase stable, shelfstable, lathers well, and is cosmetically attractive.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a liquid soapcleansing composition which is relatively mild.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide aviscous, high shear thinning liquid soap cleansing composition which ispumpable from a standard hand pressure pump container.

These and other objects of the present invention will become obviousfrom the detailed description which follows.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a stable dispersoidal liquid soapcleansing composition comprising: 55% to 90% water; 5% to 20% saturated(low IV) higher fatty acid potassium soap; 2.5% to 18% of free fattyacids. The soap and said free fatty acids have a ratio of above about1:0.5 to 1:1. The fatty matter, soap, and free fatty acids, have a titer(°C.) of from about 44 to about 70.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a stable dispersoidal liquid soapcleansing composition comprising: 55% to 90%, preferably 60% to 80%,water; 5% to 18%, preferably 6% to 14%, of mostly insoluble saturated(low IV) higher fatty acid potassium soap; 3% to 18%, preferably 4% to9%, of free fatty acids. The soap and the free fatty acids have a ratioof above about 1:0.5 to about 1:1 and preferably from about 1:0.6 toabout 1:0.8. The preferred fatty acid matter is a mixture of thefollowing saturated fatty acids on a total fatty matter basis:

C₁₂ at a level of about 13.5%±5%±2%;

C₁₄ at a level of about 35.5%±15%±5%;

C₁₆ at a level of about 24%±10%±5%±3%; and

C₁₈ at a level of about 29%±10%±5%±3%.

The fatty acid matter of the present invention has an IV of from zero toabout 15, preferably below 10, more preferably below 3; and a titer offrom about 44 to about 70, preferably from about 50 to 68, morepreferably from about 59 to about 65.

The liquid soap of the present invention can be made without astabilizing ingredient. However, the liquid soap preferably containsfrom about 0.2% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 3%, ofa stabilizing ingredient selected from the group consisting of:polymeric thickener, electrolyte, or nonionic, and mixtures thereof;preferably from 0.1% to 2% of a thickener; 0.1% to 3% electrolyte; and0.1% to 2% nonionic, and mixtures thereof. One ore more of theseingredients improves the stability of the liquid soap. Preferably theliquid soap contains from about 0.1% to about 2% of a thickener.Preferably the liquid soap contains from about 0.1% to about 3%electrolyte. Preferably the liquid soap contains from about 0.1% toabout 2% nonionic.

The liquid soap has a viscosity of 4,000-100,000 cps, preferably 10,000cps to about 80,000 cps at about 25° C., Brook field RVTDV-II/SpindleTD/5 rpm. The preferred composition has a viscosity of 15,000-45,000 cpsand, more preferably, a viscosity of 20,000-40,000 cps.

The liquid soap is called a dispersoid because at least some of thefatty matter at the levels used herein is insoluble. The level of waterin the compositions is typically from about 55% to about 90%, preferablyfrom about 60% to about 80%.

The chemical properties of some preferred pure saturated acids whichhave Iodine Values of zero are set out below in the Pure Acid Table.

    ______________________________________                                        Pure Acid Table                                                                           Chain   Acid      Molecular                                                                             Titer                                   Acid        Length  Value     Weight  °C.                              ______________________________________                                        Decanoic    C-10    326       172                                             Lauric      C-12    280       200     44.2                                    Myristic    C-14    246       228     54.4                                    Pentadecanoic                                                                             C-15    231       242                                             Palmitic    C-16    219       256     62.9                                    Margaric    C-17    207       270                                             Stearic     C-18    197       284     69.6                                    Nonadecanoic                                                                              C-19    188       298                                             Arachidic   C-20    180       312                                             Behenic     C-22    165       340                                             ______________________________________                                    

The titers of "natural" acids are outside of the selected fatty matterof the present invention.

    ______________________________________                                        Palm Kernel Acid Table                                                        Acid              Chain Length                                                                             Wt. %                                            ______________________________________                                        Saturated:                                                                    Octanoic          C-8         3                                               Decanoic          C-10        3                                               Lauric            C-12       50                                               Myristic          C-14       18                                               Palmitic          C-16        8                                               Stearic           C-18        2                                               Unsaturated:                                                                  Oleic             C-18 = 1   14                                               Linoleic          C-18 = 2    2                                               Iodine Value:     Low        14                                                                 High       23                                               Saponification Value:                                                                           Low        245                                                                High       255                                              Titer, °C. (Fatty Acid):                                                                 Low        20                                                                 High       28                                               ______________________________________                                    

Note that the titer is low.

    ______________________________________                                        Coconut Acid Table                                                            Acid              Chain Length                                                                             Wt. %                                            ______________________________________                                        Saturated:                                                                    Octanoic          C-8        7                                                Decanoic          C-10       6                                                Lauric            C-12       50                                               Myristic          C-14       18                                               Palmitic          C-16       8.5                                              Stearic           C-18       3                                                Unsaturated:                                                                  Oleic             C-18 = 1   6                                                Linoleic          C-18 = 2   1                                                Linolenic         C-18 = 3   0.5                                              Iodine Value:     Low        7.5                                                                High       10.5                                             Saponification Value:                                                                           Low        250                                                                High       264                                              Titer, °C. (Fatty Acid):                                                                 Low        20                                                                 High       24                                               ______________________________________                                    

The Iodine Value of coconut acid is acceptable, but its titer is low.

    ______________________________________                                        Tallow BFT Table                                                              Acid              Chain Length                                                                             Wt. %                                            ______________________________________                                        Saturated:                                                                    Myristic          C-14       3                                                Pentadecanoic     C-15       0.5                                              Palmitic          C-16       24                                               Margaric          C-17       1.5                                              Stearic           C-18       20                                               Unsaturated:                                                                  Myristoleic       C-14 = 1   1                                                Palmitoleic       C-16 = 1   2.5                                              Oleic             C-18 = 1   43                                               Linoleic          C-18 = 2   4                                                Linolenic         C-18 = 3   0.5                                              Iodine Value:     Low        45                                                                 High       50                                               Saponification Value:                                                                           Low        192                                                                High       202                                              Titer, °C. (Fatty Acid):                                                                 Low        40                                                                 High       45                                               ______________________________________                                    

Another important attribute of the preferred liquid soap of the presentinvention is its pumpability, particularly after storage over a cycle oftemperatures. A less preferred liquid product is one in which itsinitial viscosity is pumpable, but there is an unacceptable increase inits viscosity which makes it unpumpable after heating to a temperatureof 45° C. for about 8 hours and cooling to room temperature. The morepreferred liquid soaps of the present invention can withstand more thanone such cycle.

The term "pumpable" as used herein means that the liquid soap can bepumped from a standard glass or plastic container having a hand pressureactuated pump on the order of a commercially available one sold byCalmar Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, under the trade name of Dispenser SD 200,with a delivery of about 1.7 cc of the liquid soap. Another standardpump is sold by Specialty Packaging Products, Bridgeport, Conn., underthe trade name LPD-2 Pump. This pump delivers about 1.7 cc of liquid.

The "shelf viscosity" of "cycle viscosity" of a liquid soap product isdefined herein as its viscosity after subjection to one or moretemperature cycles. This is used to describe the shelf or storagestability of liquid soaps which are formulated for use in a standardpressure actuated pump dispenser. The preferred product is formulated toprovide the desired phase stability, viscosity and lather. It does notseparate or become too viscous after heating and cooling under ambientconditions.

The terms "Initial Viscosity" and "Cycle Viscosity" as used herein aredefined according to the methods taught herein, unless otherwiseindicated. In short, the "Cycle Viscosity" is measured after the liquidsoap has gone through a cycle of 49.5° C. for 8 hrs. and returned to 25°C. The term "viscosity" as used herein means both of these viscositiesas measured by a Brookfield RVTDV-II/Spindle TD at 5 rpm at 25° C.,unless otherwise specified.

The liquid soap product of the present invention has an InitialViscosity of from about 10,000 cps to about 60,000 cps and/or a CycleViscosity of from about 15,000 cps to about 80,000 cps.

The liquid soap product of the present invention is shear thinning. Itshigh shear thinning factor allows it to be pumped from a standard handpressure actuated pump, notwithstanding its relatively high viscosity of10,000 cps to 60,000 cps.

The preferred liquid soap dispersoidal has a high shear thinning factoras defined herein. Its viscosity is reduced by at least a factor 1.5,preferably at least about 2, more preferably at least about 3. The"shear thinning factor" is: ##EQU1## Viscosities are measured on aBohlin VOR Rheometer at room temperature (25° C.). Note: The followingBohlin viscosities are different from those measured on the BrookfieldViscometer.

E.g., a liquid soap (like Example 1B below) which has a Bohlin viscosityof about 38,000 cps, at a shear rate of about 1 sec⁻¹ and a Bohlinviscosity of about 4,000 cps at a shear rate of about 10 sec⁻¹. Theshear thinning factor for this liquid is about 38,000/4,000 or about9.5.

The shear thinning factors for the present invention are from about 1.5to about 25, preferably from about 2 to about 20, more preferably fromabout 3 to about 15.

Additional viscosity measurements obtained with the Bohlin Rheometershow some approximate shear thinning factors for some commerciallyavailable liquid cleansers and this invention and are set out belowafter the Examples.

Preferably the liquid soap contains from about 0.2% up to a total ofabout 5%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 3%, of a stabilizingingredient selected from the groups consisting of: from 0.1% to 2% of athickener; 0.1% to 3% electrolyte; and 0.1% to 2% nonionic, and mixturesthereof. One or more of these ingredients can improve the stability ofthe liquid soap. The more dilute the liquid, the more of thesestabilizing ingredients can be added.

Thickeners

The thickeners in this invention are categorized as cationic, nonionic,or anionic and are selected to provide the desired viscosities. Suitablethickeners are listed in the Glossary and Chapters 3, 4, 12 and 13 ofthe Handbook of Water-Soluble Gums and Resins, Robert L. Davidson,McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y., 1980, incorporated by referenceherein.

The liquid personal cleansing products can be thickened by usingpolymeric additives that hydrate, swell or molecularly associate toprovide body (e.g., hydroxypropyl guar gum is used as a thickening aidin shampoo compositions).

The nonionic cellulosic thickeners include, but are not limited to, thefollowing polymers:

1. hydroxyethyl cellulose;

2. hydroxymethyl cellulose;

3. hydroxypropyl cellulose; and

4. hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose.

The anionic cellulosic thickener includes carboxymethyl cellulose andthe like.

The preferred thickener is xanthan gum having a molecular weight (M.W.)of from about 2,000,000±500,000. Each molecule has about 2,000 repeatingunits.

Another preferred thickener is acrylated steareth-20 methylacrylatecopolymer sold as Acrysol ICS-1 by Rohm and Haas Company.

The amount of polymeric thickener found useful in the presentcompositions is about 0.1% to about 2%, preferably from about 0.2% toabout 1.0%.

Electrolyte

An additional requirement for the present compositions is that theycontain a low level of electrolyte. Electrolytes include inorganic salts(e.g., potassium or sodium chloride), as well as organic salts (e.g.,sodium citrate, potassium acetate). Potassium chloride is preferred. Theamount of electrolyte varies with the type of surfactant system butshould be present in finished product at a level of from about 0.1% toabout 3%, preferably from about 0.25% to about 2.9%. In addition to theabove-mentioned chloride and citrate salts, other salts includephosphate, sulfates and other halogen ion salts. The counter ions ofsuch salts can be sodium or other monovalent cations as well as di- andtrivalent cations. It is recognized that these salts may causeinstability if present at greater levels.

Nonionic Stabilizer

Another preferred component of the present invention is a nonionic. Thepreferred nonionic is polyglycerol ester (PGE).

Groups of substances which are particularly suitable for use as nonionicsurfactants are alkoxylated fatty alcohols or alkylphenols, preferablyalkoxylated with ethylene oxide or mixtures of ethylene oxide orpropylene oxide; polyglycol esters of fatty acids or fatty acid amides;ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers; glycerol esters andpolyglycerol esters; sorbitol and sorbitan esters; polyglycol esters ofglycerol; ethoxylated lanolin derivatives; and alkanolamides and sucroseesters.

Optional Components

If present, the optional components individually generally comprise fromabout 0.001% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

The liquid cleansing bath/shower compositions can contain a variety ofnonessential optional ingredients suitable for rendering suchcompositions more desirable. Such conventional optional ingredients arewell known to those skilled in the art, e.g., preservatives such asbenzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and imidazolidinyl urea;and thickeners and viscosity modifiers such as C₈ -C₁₈ ethanolamide(e.g., coconut ethanolamide) and polyvinyl alcohol; skin moisturizerssuch as glycerine; pH adjusting agents such as citric acid, succinicacid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, etc.; suspending agents such asmagnesium/aluminum silicate; perfumes; dyes; and sequestering agentssuch as disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate.

Surfactant

An important attribute of the preferred liquid soap personal cleansingproduct of the present invention is its rich and creamy lather.

The preferred compositions also contains from about 1% to about 10%,preferably from about 2% to about 6%, of a high lathering syntheticsurfactant.

An important optional component of the present compositions is a latherboosting surfactant. The surfactant, which may be selected from any of awide variety of anionic (nonsoap), amphoteric, zwitterionic, nonionicand, in certain instances, cationic surfactants, is present at a levelof from about 1% to about 10%, preferably from about 2% to about 6% byweight of the liquid product.

The cleansing product patent literature is full of synthetic surfactantdisclosures. Some preferred surfactants as well as other cleansingproduct ingredients are disclosed in the following references:

    ______________________________________                                        Pat. No.  Issue Date      Inventor(s)                                         ______________________________________                                        4,061,602 12/1977         Oberstar et al.                                     4,234,464 11/1980         Morshauser                                          4,472,297 9/1984          Bolich et al.                                       4,491,539 1/1985          Hoskins et al.                                      4,540,507 9/1985          Grollier                                            4,565,647 1/1986          Llenado                                             4,673,525 6/1987          Small et al.                                        4,704,224 11/1987         Saud                                                4,788,006 11/1988         Bolich, Jr., et al.                                 4,812,253 3/1989          Small et al.                                        4,820,447 4/1989          Medcalf et al.                                      4,906,459 3/1990          Cobb et al.                                         4,923,635 5/1990          Simion et al.                                       4,954,282 9/1990          Rys et al.                                          ______________________________________                                    

All of said patents are incorporated herein by reference. A preferredsynthetic surfactant is shown the Examples herein. Preferred syntheticsurfactant systems are selectively designed for appearance, stability,lather, cleansing and mildness.

It is noted that surfactant mildness can be measured by a skin barrierdestruction test which is used to assess the irritancy potential ofsurfactants. In this test the milder the surfactant, the lesser the skinbarrier is destroyed. Skin barrier destruction is measured by therelative amount of radio-labeled water (³ H-H₂ O) which passes from thetest solution through the skin epidermis into the physiological buffercontained in the diffusate chamber. This test is described by T. J.Franz in the J. Invest. Dermatol., 1975, 64, pp. 190-195; and in U.S.Pat. No. 4,673,525, Small et al., issued Jun. 16, 1987, incorporatedherein by reference, and which disclose a mild alkyl glyceryl ethersulfonate (AGS) surfactant bases synbar comprising a "standard" alkylglyceryl ether sulfonate mixture. Barrier destruction testing is used toselect mild surfactants. Some preferred mild synthetic surfactants aredisclosed in the above Small et al. patents and Rys et al.

Some examples of good lather-enhancing, mild detergent surfactants aree.g., sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate,sulfonated fatty esters, and sulfonated fatty acids.

Numerous examples of other surfactants are disclosed in the patentsincorporated herein by reference. They include other alkyl sulfates,anionic acyl sarcosinates, methyl acyl taurates, N-acyl glutamates, acylisethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylatedalkyl phosphate esters, trideceth sulfates, protein condensates,mixtures of ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and alkyl amine oxides, betaines,sultaines, and mixtures thereof. Included in the surfactants are thealkyl ether sulfates with 1 to 12 ethoxy groups, especially ammonium andsodium lauryl ether sulfates.

Alkyl chains for these surfactants are C₈ -C₂₂, preferably C₁₀ -C₁₈,more preferably C₁₂ -C₁₄. Alkyl glycosides and methyl glucose esters arepreferred mild nonionics which may be mixed with other mild anionic oramphoteric surfactants in the compositions of this invention. Alkylpolyglycoside detergents are useful lather enhancers. The alkyl groupcan vary from about 8 to about 22 and the glycoside units per moleculecan vary from about 1.1 to about 5 to provide an appropriate balancebetween the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of the molecule.Combinations of C₈ -C₁₈, preferably C₁₂ -C₁₆, alkyl polyglycosides withaverage degrees of glycosidation ranging from about 1.1 to about 2.7,preferably from about 1.2 to about 2.5, are preferred.

Anionic nonsoap surfactants can be exemplified by the alkali metal saltsof organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecularstructure an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and asulfonic acid or sulfuric acid ester radical (included in the term alkylis the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals). Preferred are the sodium,ammonium, potassium or triethanolamine alkyl sulfates, especially thoseobtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C₈ -C₁₈ carbon atoms), sodiumcoconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodium orpotassium salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of 1mole of a higher fatty alcohol (e.g., tallow or coconut oil alcohols)and 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide; sodium or potassium salts of alkylphenol ethylene oxide ether sulfate with 1 to 10 units of ethylene oxideper molecule and in which the alkyl radicals contain from 8 to 12 carbonatoms, sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates; the reaction product offatty acids having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms esterified with isethionicacid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide; water soluble salts ofcondensation products of fatty acids with sarcosine; and others known inthe art.

Zwitterionic surfactants can be exemplified by those which can bebroadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium,phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicalscan be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphaticsubstituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one containsan anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate,phosphate, or phosphonate. A general formula for these compounds is:##STR1## wherein R² contains an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxy alkyl radicalof from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethyleneoxide moieties and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety; Y is selected from thegroup consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms; R³ is analkyl or monohydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; Xis 1 when Y is a sulfur atom and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorusatom; R⁴ is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of from 1 to about 4 carbonatoms and Z is a radical selected from the group consisting ofcarboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and phosphate groups.

Examples include:4-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-octadecylammonio]-butane-1-carboxylate;5-[S-3-hydroxypropyl-S-hexadecylsulfonio[-3-hydroxypentane-1-sulfate;3-[P,P-P-diethyl-P-3,6,9-trioxatetradexocylphosphonio]-2-hydroxypropane-1-phosphate;3-[N,N-dipropyl-N-3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropylammonio]-propane-1-phosphonate;3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate;3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate;4-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2-hydroxydodecyl)ammonio]butane-1-carboxylate;3-[S-ethyl-S-(3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)sulfonio]-propane-1-phosphonate;3-(P,P-dimethyl-P-dodecylphosphonio)-propane-1-phosphonate; and5-[N,N-di(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-hexadecylammonio]-2-hydroxy-pentane-1-sulfate

Examples of amphoteric surfactants which can be used in the compositionsof the present invention are those which can be broadly described asderivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which thealiphatic radical can be straight chain or branched and wherein one ofthe aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbonatoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g.,carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples ofcompounds falling within this definition are sodium3-dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate,N-alkyltaurines, such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine withsodium isethionate according to the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,072,N-higher alkyl aspartic acids, such as those produced according to theteaching of U.S. Pat. No. 2,438,091, and the products sold under thetrade name "Niranol" and described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,528,378. Otheramphoterics such as betaines are also useful in the present composition.

Examples of betaines useful herein include the high alkyl betaines suchas coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaines, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethylbetaine, lauryl dimethyl alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethylcarboxymethyl betaine, lauryl bis(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxy methyl betaine,stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethylgamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, etc. The sulfobetaines may be represented bycoco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine,lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl betaine, amido betainesamidosulfobetaines, and the like.

Many cationic surfactants are known to the art. By way of example, thefollowing may be mentioned:

stearyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride;

dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride;

nonylbenzylethyldimethyl ammonium nitrate;

tetradecylpyridinium bromide;

laurylpyridinium chloride;

cetylpyridinium chloride;

laurylpyridinium chloride;

laurylisoquinolium bromide;

ditallow(hydrogenated)dimethyl ammonium chloride;

dilauryldimethyl ammonium chloride; and

stearalkonium chloride.

Many additional nonsoap surfactants are described in McCUTCEON'S,DETERGENTS AND EMULSIFIERS, 1979 ANNUAL, published by Allured PublishingCorporation, which is incorporated here by reference.

The above-mentioned surfactants can be used in the liquid cleansingbath/shower compositions of the present invention. The anionicsurfactants, particularly the alkyl sulfates, the ethoxylated alkylsulfates and mixtures thereof are preferred. More preferred are C₁₂ -C₁₄alkyl anionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of sodiumalkyl glycerol ether sulfonate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium alkylsulfate, sodium ethoxy (3) alkyl sulfate, and mixtures thereof.

Nonionic surfactants can be broadly defined as compounds produced by thecondensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with anorganic hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromaticin nature. Examples of preferred classes of nonionic surfactants are:

1. The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g., thecondensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containingfrom about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branchedchain configuration, with ethylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide beingpresent in amounts equal to 10 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide per mole ofalkyl phenol. The alkyl substituent in such compounds may be derivedfrom polymerized propylene, diisobutylene, octane, or nonane, forexample.

2. Those derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with theproduct resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine products which may be varied in composition depending upon thebalance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements which isdesired. For example, compounds containing from about 40% to about 80%polyoxyethylene by weight and having a molecular weight of from about5,000 to about 11,000 resulting from the reaction of ethylene oxidegroups with a hydrophobic base constituted of the reaction product ofethylene diamine and excess propylene oxide, said base having amolecular weight of the order of 2,500 to 3,000, are satisfactory.

3. The condensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from 8 to 18carbon atoms, in either straight chain or branched chain configurationwith ethylene oxide, e.g., a coconut alcohol ethylene oxide condensatehaving from 10 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconutalcohol, the coconut alcohol fraction having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms.Other ethylene oxide condensation products are ethoxylated fatty acidesters of polyhydric alcohols (e.g., Tween 20-polyoxyethylene (20)sorbitan monolaurate).

4. Long chain tertiary amine oxides corresponding to the followinggeneral formula:

    R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 N→0

wherein R₁ contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl radical offrom about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxidemoieties, and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety, and R₂ and R₃ contain from 1to about 3 carbon atoms and from 0 to about 1 hydroxy group, e.g.,methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy ethyl, or hydroxy propyl radicals. Thearrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semipolarbond. Examples of amine oxides suitable for use in this inventioninclude dimethyldodecylamine oxide, oleyldi(2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxide,dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyldecylamine oxide,dimethyltetradecylamine oxide, 3,6,9-trioxaheptadecyldiethylamime oxide,di(2-hydroxyethyl) tetradecylamine oxide 2-dodecoxyethyldimethylamineoxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropoyldi(3-hydroxypropyl)amine oxide,dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.

5. Long chain tertiary phosphine oxides corresponding to the followinggeneral formula:

    RR'R"P→O

wherein R contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radical rangingfrom 8 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length, from 0 to about 10 ethyleneoxide moieties and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety and R' and R" are eachalkyl or monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.The arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semipolarbond. Examples of suitable phosphine oxides are:dodecyldimethylphosphine oxide, tetradecylmethylethylphosphine oxide,3,6,9-trioxaoctadecyldimethylphosphine oxide, cetyldimethylphosphineoxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(2-hydroxyethyl) phosphine oxidestearyldimethylphosphine oxide, cetylethylpropylphosphine oxide,oleyldiethylphosphine oxide, dodecyldiethylphosphine oxide,tetradecyldiethylphosphine oxide, dodecyldiprophylphosphine oxide,dodecyldi(hydoxymethyl)phosphine oxide,dodecyldi(2-hydroxyethyl)phosphine oxide,tetradecylmethyl-2-hydroxypropylphosine oxide, oleyldimethylphosphineoxide, 2-hydroxydodecyldimethylphosphine oxide.

6. Long chain dialkyl sulfoxides containing one short chain alkyl orhydroxy alkyl radical of 1 to about 3 carbon atoms (usually methyl) andone long hydrophobic chain which contain alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy alkyl,or keto alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 20 carbonsatoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to 1glyceryl moiety. Examples include: octadecyl methyl sulfoxide,2-ketotridecyl methyl sulfoxide, 3,6,9-trioxaoctadecyl 2-hydroxyethylsulfoxide, dodecyl methyl sulfoxide, oleyl 3-hydroxypropyl sulfoxide,tetradecyl methyl sulfoxide, 3 methoxytridecyl methyl sulfoxide,3-hydroxytridecyl methyl sulfoxide, 3-hydroxy-4-dodecosybutyl methylsulfoxide.

The pH of the liquid cleansing bath/shower compositions herein isgenerally from about 8 to about 9.5, preferably from about 8.5 to about9 as measured in a 10% aqueous solution at 25° C.

Method of Manufacture

The liquid soap cleansing compositions of the present invention may bemade using techniques shown in the Examples. The preferred method formaking the stable liquid comprises: (1) heating an aqueous (35-45%water) mixture of the soap:FFA to obtain a phase stable (liquid crystal)melt; (2) cooling the melt to room temperature to obtain a phase stablecream; and (3) diluting the cream with water to provide the stabledispersoidal liquid soap. These steps are preferably conducted undervacuum, but vacuum is not essential. Vacuum can be replaced with otherdeaeration methods, e.g., centrifugation. The dilution water preferablycontains 0.5% PGE, 0.5% electrolyte, and 0.2% polymeric thickener toimprove shelf stability. The preferred liquid soap has a shelf stableviscosity of from about 10,000 to about 80,000 cps (RVTDV-II, SpindleTD, 5 rpm). A viscosity of 30,000 cps (±10,000 cps) is ideal fordispensing this (high shear thinning) liquid from a standardpiston-actuated displacement pump for personal cleansing. The preferredliquid soap can be formulated to be very mild by using a low soapconcentration and selected higher saturated fatty acid soap chains. Whena foam boosting surfactant, e.g., sarcosinate (2.5%), is added, thepreferred liquid soap has very good lather.

The liquid soap cleansing compositions are useful as a cleansing aid forthe entire body. The basic invention may also be applicable in otherliquid type products such as liquid hand soaps.

The following methods are used to evaluate liquid soap compositions:

Method I--Initial Viscosity (100% Product)

Apparatus:

Brookfield RVTDV-II Viscometer, Helipath, Spindle TD, 4 oz. Sample Jar

Conditions:

Sample Temperature Equilibrated to Room Temperature (23° C./72°-77° F.),Brookfield at 5 rpm.

Method:

Transfer approximately 120 ml of product into 4 oz. sample jar takingcare not to entrain air. Allow to equilibrate at room temperature for atleast 4 hrs. Calibrate and zero viscometer referring to Brookfieldmanual. With TD spindle installed, viscometer at 5 rpm, and helipathstand energized (downward direction), lower viscometer until spindle isnearly touching product surface. Observe as helipath moves spindlethrough product surface and, as soon as spindle is submerged, begintiming. After 30 seconds record the next five viscosity readings.Average these readings and record. If the viscosity of the liquid soapis from about 10,000 to about 60,000 cps, it passes this test.

Method II--Viscosity Cycle (100% Product)

Apparatus:

Brookfield RVTDV-II Viscometer, Helipath, Spindle TD, 4 oz. Sample Jar,120° F. (˜49.5° C.) Constant Temperature Room or Water Bath.

Conditions:

Cycle sample from room temperature (RT) to 49.5° C. and return to roomtemperature. Sample residence time at 49.5° C. must be at least 8 hrs.and when returned to RT residence time must be at least 8 hrs. beforeviscosity is measured. Brookfield at 5 rpm.

Method:

Transfer approximately 120 ml of product into 4 oz. sample jar takingcare not to entrain air. Place sample in constant temperature 49.5° C.room, oven or water bath. Maintain product at this temperature for atleast 8 hrs. Transfer product to RT and allow to equilibrate for atleast 8 hrs. Calibrate and zero viscometer referring to Brookfieldmanual. With TD spindle installed, viscometer at 5 rpm, and helipathstand energized (downward direction), lower viscometer until spindle isnearly touching product surface. Observe as helipath moves spindlethrough product surface and, as soon as spindle is submerged, time for30 seconds and then record the next five viscosity readings. Averagethese readings and record. If the viscosity of the liquid soap is 10,000to 60,000 cps, it passes this test for a more preferred liquid.

Method III--Accelerated Stability

Apparatus:

Centrifuge with temperature control capability or constant temperatureroom, 25-30 ml Flint Glass Vial.

Conditions:

Centrifuge samples at approximately 350 g's and 120° F. (49.5° C.).

Method:

Transfer approximately 25 ml of product into glass vial taking care notto entrap air. Place sample in 49.5° C. atmosphere for at least 2 hrs.to equilibrate. Place vial into centrifuge with atmosphere controlled at49.5° C. Centrifuge at approximately 350 g's (350×force of gravity) 1200rpm for 4 hrs. Remove from centrifuge and observe, note productseparation, if any, and record result. If a liquid soap passes thistest, it is highly preferred.

EXAMPLES

The following examples further describe and demonstrate the preferredembodiments within the scope of the present invention. The Examples aregiven solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construedas limitations of the present invention as many variations thereof arepossible without departing from its spirit and scope. Unless otherwiseindicated, all percentages and ratios herein are approximations and byweight.

The following Example 1B is a preferred dispersoidal liquid soap of thepresent invention.

The Brookfield viscosity of 1B is about 30,000 cps. The Iodine Value ofthe fatty acids of Example 1 is about zero and its titer is about 59° C.Example 1B has totals of about 10.2% soap and 6.85% free fatty acid and2.4% sarcosinate. The soap to free fatty acid (FFA) ratio is about1:0.67.

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLE 1                                                                     Formula           1A      1B                                                  Ingredients       Wt. %   Wt. %                                               ______________________________________                                        Stearic Acid      7.55    4.53                                                Palmitic Acid     6.23    3.74                                                Myristic Acid     8.72    5.23                                                Lauric Acid       3.52    2.11                                                Triclosan         0.30    0.18                                                KOH (87%)         3.86    2.32                                                Glycerine         15.00   9.00                                                Mayoquest (45%)*  0.44    0.26                                                Sodium Lauroyl    13.33   8.00                                                Sarcosinate (30%)                                                             JR-400            0.50    0.30                                                Aloe Vera Powder  0.01    0.01                                                Perfume           0.30    0.18                                                Total Water (approx.)                                                                           50.00   70.00                                               ______________________________________                                         *Mayoquest is a 50/50 mixture of HEDP/DPTA                               

A liquid soap (Example 1B) is made by first mixing the ingredients of"1A" as follows:

1. Mix and melt all of the fatty acids with the Triclosan into ajacketed vessel and heat to 80° C.

2. Dissolve the KOH pellets with water to make a 38% solution by weight.

3. Mix the glycerine, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, JR-400, Mayoquest, andwater in a separate jacketed vessel and heat to 80° C.

4. Transfer the melted fatty acid mix of Step 1 into a vacuum vesselwhich contains an internal homogenizer, wall scrapers and paddle mixers.E.g., a Mizuko Brand Automatic Driving Type Vacuum Emulsifier, ModelAPVA-3DP, sold by Mizuko Industrial Co., Ltd., or a T. K. AGI Homo MixerHodel 2M-2, made by Tokushu Keka Kogyo Co., Ltd. While vacuum is notessential, it is highly preferred so that the intermediate product has aspecific gravity of about 1±0.05.

5. Slowly add the KOH solution under vacuum of about 400 mm Hg whilemixing and homogenizing during saponifying. Maintain temperaturecontrolled to 80±5° C. while mixing.

6. After the saponification is complete, add the water mix of Step 3under vacuum while continuing mixing and homogenizing. Maintaintemperature controlled to 80±5° C. while mixing to obtain a phase stablemelt.

7. Immediately begin cooling from 80° C. to 50° C. at a 3° C./minuterate. Maintain mixing and vacuum during cooling step but stophomogenizing.

8. Dissolve the aloe vera powder in water and add at 50° C.

9. Cool from 50° C. to 35° C. at a 0.5° C./minute rate under vacuum andwhile mixing.

10. At 35° stop the vacuum and add the perfume. Continue cooling withmixing until final mix reaches about 30° C. At 30° C., stop cooling andunload the mix from the vessel.

11. The cooled melt of Step 10 (1A) is then diluted with distilled waterat about room temperature. The water and the cooled melt is first mixedgently to provide a uniform slurry and then transferred to the vacuumvessel of Step 4 and homogenized for about 10 minutes under about 600 mmHg to provide an aqueous (70% water) liquid soap dispersoidal (Example1B).

The liquid soaps can be made by varying this method, but simple mixingof the ingredients of Example 1B will not result in a stable liquiddisperoid.

                  TABLE 2                                                         ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 2-6                                                                  Examples 2-6 are liquids made using the method of Example 1                   except that the following stabilizing ingredients (finished liquid            soap percent) are added to the dilution water of Step 11:                     ______________________________________                                                KCl    0.5%                                                                   PGE    0.5%                                                                   Xanthan                                                                              0.2%                                                           ______________________________________                                        Examples 2-5 and Comparative Example 6                                                2        3        4      5      6                                     Ingredients                                                                           Wt. %    Wt. %    Wt. %  Wt. %  Wt. %                                 ______________________________________                                        Soap    10.2     5.0      5.0    20.0   20.0                                  FFA      6.8     5.0      2.5    10.0   20.0                                  Water   81.8     88.8     91.3   68.8   58.8                                  Total   100.0    100.0    100.0  100.0  100.0                                 Soap:FFA                                                                              1:0.66   1:1      1:0.5  1:0.5  1:1                                   ______________________________________                                    

In short, Examples 2-6 are prepared in the following manner:

1. heating an aqueous (˜50% water) mixture of the soap:FFA to obtain aphase stable melt (Step 6 above);

2. cooling the melt to about room temperature; and

3. diluting the cooled melt with water to provide a liquid soap.

The dilution water of (3) contains the KCl, PGE and xanthan gum. Thepreferred liquid soap Example 2 has a Brookfield viscosity of 28,000cps. Example 2 has a high shear thinning value and is ideal fordispensing from a standard piston actuated pump for personal cleansing.Example 2 is relatively mild due to its low soap concentration andhigher chain saturated soap content. The IV is less than 1 and the titeris about 59.5 for the fatty matter used in Examples 2-6. The fattymatter of the liquid soaps used in Examples 2-6 are C₁₂ at 13% ±2%; C₁₄at 35% ±5%; C₁₆ at 24%±3%; and C₁₈ at 29%±3% on a total fatty matterbasis.

Examples 2-5 are stable liquid disperoids under normal conditions.Examples 4 and 5 separate under stress conditions defined hereinbelow asthe Accelerated Stability Method III.

However, Examples 4 and 5 can be made more stable by increasing thelevels of the stabilizing ingredients and/or by increasing the titer toover 60. Comparative Experimental Example 6 gels. Examples 2 and 3 arephase stable and shelf stable. Example 2 is preferred over Example 3 forbetter lather. The preferred liquid soap, e.g., Example 2, has a veryrich creamy lather. However, in some of the following Examples, afoam-boosting surfactant, sarcosinate (2.4%), is added to enhance therich and creamy lather.

In the following Examples 7-24, the ingredients shown as trade namesare:

Mayoquest is a 50/50 mixture of HEDP/DPTA.

Triclosan is an antimicrobial.

JR-400 is polyquatermiun 10.

Capmul 8210 is mono/diglycerides of caprylic/capric acids (M.W. 250).

Caprol ET is mixed polyglycerol esters C₁₂ -C₁₈ (M.W. 2300).

Caprol 10G-4-0 is decaglycerol tetraoleate (M.W. 1800).

Acrysol ICS is polymeric thickener defined above.

                  TABLE 3                                                         ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 7 AND 8                                                                                  7       8                                                 Ingredients         Wt. %   Wt. %                                             ______________________________________                                        Stearic Acid        4.53    4.53                                              Palmitic Acid       3.74    3.74                                              Myristic Acid       5.23    5.23                                              Lauric Acid         2.11    2.11                                              Triclosan           0.18    0.18                                              KOH (87%)           2.32    2.32                                              Glycerine           9.00    9.00                                              Mayoquest (45%)     0.26    0.26                                              Sodium Lauroyl      8.00    8.00                                              Sarcosinate (30%)                                                             JR-400              0.30    0.30                                              Aloe Vera Powder    0.01    0.01                                              Perfume             0.18    0.18                                              KCl                 0.50    --                                                K-Acetate (55%)     --      1.20                                              Caprol ET           0.50    0.50                                              Caprol 10G-4-0      --      --                                                Capmul 8210         --      --                                                Acrysol ICS         --      --                                                Hydroxy Ethyl       --      --                                                Cellulose (HEC)                                                               Xanthan (M.W. 2,000,000)                                                                          0.20    0.20                                              D.I. Water          62.94   62.24                                             Accelerated Stability                                                                             Pass    Pass                                              Initial Viscosity   22,000  16,000                                            Cycle Viscosity     49,000  50,000                                            ______________________________________                                    

Examples 7 and 8 are two full liquid soap dispersoidal compositions withdifferent electrolytes. Example 7, which is highly preferred, contains0.5% KCl and 2.4% of the high lathering synthetic surfactant. Example 8contains 1.20×0.55 or 0.66% on an active basis of K-acetate. Both haveacceptable viscosities. Example 7 is most preferred.

The total soap is 10.2% and the total FFA is 6.84%. The soap/FFA ratiois 1:0.67.

The level of electrolyte, K-acetate, is established as an equal molarconcentration to the level of KCl used in Example 7.

The "Accelerated Stability" (Method III) is holding the liquid soaps at120° F. (49.5° C.) for 4 hrs. under centrifuge (1200 rpm).

The "Viscosities" are measured at about 25° C. (RT) using a BrookfieldRVTDV-II with Helipath Stand and a TD Spindle at 5 rpm.

                  TABLE 4                                                         ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 9-11                                                                                  9         10      11                                         Ingredients      Wt. %     Wt. %   Wt. %                                      ______________________________________                                        Stearic Acid     4.53      4.53    4.53                                       Palmitic Acid    3.74      3.74    3.74                                       Myristic Acid    5.23      5.23    5.23                                       Lauric Acid      2.11      2.11    2.11                                       Triclosan        0.18      0.18    0.18                                       KOH (87%)        2.32      2.32    2.32                                       Glycerine        9.00      9.00    9.00                                       Mayoquest        0.26      0.26    0.26                                       Sodium Lauroyl   8.00      8.00    8.00                                       Sarcosinate (30%)                                                             JR-400           0.30      0.30    0.30                                       Aloe Vera Powder 0.01      0.01    0.01                                       Perfume          0.18      0.18    0.18                                       KCl              0.50      --      --                                         K-Acetate (55%)  --        --      --                                         Caprol ET        --        --      --                                         Caprol 10G-4-0   --        --      --                                         Capmul 8210      0.50      --      --                                         Acrysol ICS      --        0.80    --                                         Hydroxy Ethyl    --        --      0.80                                       Cellulose (HEC)                                                               (M.W. 350,000-400,000)                                                        Xanthan (M.W. 2,000,000)                                                                       0.20      --      --                                         D.I. Water       62.94     63.34   63.34                                      Accelerated Stability                                                                          Pass      Slight  Slight                                     Initial Viscosity                                                                               30,000    58,000  48,000                                    Cycle Viscosity  160,000   140,000 200,000                                    ______________________________________                                    

Example 9 contains 0.5% KCl; 0.50% Capmul 8210; and 0.20% xanthan.Examples 10 and 11 contain no KCl and, respectively, 0.80% Acrysol ICSand 0.80% HEC. The levels of water in these examples are slightly higherdue to water added with KOH, sarcosinate, etc. Their initial viscositiesare all acceptable for pumpable liquid soaps. The cycle viscosities are,however, too high. It failed the accelerated stability test, but is astable dispersoidal liquid soap under normal conditions. Examples 10 and11 separated only slightly under the accelerated stability test.

Compare Example 9 with Example 15 below. They are identical, but for thelow molecular weight (250) nonionic Capmul 8210 in Example 9, whichappears to have a negative effect on cycle viscosity stability. Example12 (below) is also an identical formula. Its nonionic is Caprol ET,which has a higher molecular weight (2300) than Capmul 8210. The highermolecular weight Caprol ET appears to have a positive effect on multiplecycle viscosities.

                  TABLE 5                                                         ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 12-15                                                                             12       13       14     15                                      Ingredients  Wt. %    Wt. %    Wt. %  Wt. %                                   ______________________________________                                        Stearic Acid 4.53     4.53     4.53   4.53                                    Palmitic Acid                                                                              3.74     3.74     3.74   3.74                                    Myristic Acid                                                                              5.23     5.23     5.23   5.23                                    Lauric Acid  2.11     2.11     2.11   2.11                                    Triclosan    0.18     0.18     0.18   0.18                                    KOH (87%)    2.32     2.32     2.32   2.32                                    Glycerine    9.00     9.00     9.00   9.00                                    Mayoquest    0.26     0.26     0.26   0.26                                    Sodium Lauroyl                                                                             8.00     8.00     8.00   8.00                                    Sarcosinate (30%)                                                             JR-400       0.30     0.30     0.30   0.30                                    Aloe Vera Powder                                                                           0.01     0.01     0.01   0.01                                    Perfume      0.18     0.18     0.18   0.18                                    KCl          0.50     --       0.50   0.50                                    K-Acetate (55%)                                                                            --       --       --     --                                      Caprol ET    0.50     0.50     0.50   --                                      Caprol 10G-4-0                                                                             --       --       --     --                                      Capmul 8210  --       --       --     --                                      Acrysol ICS  --       --       --     --                                      Hydroxy Ethyl                                                                              --       --       --     --                                      Cellulose (HEC)                                                               Xanthan      0.20     0.20     --     0.20                                    D.I. Water   62.94    63.44    63.14  63.44                                   Accelerated Stability                                                                      Pass     Pass     Pass   Pass                                    Initial Viscosity                                                                          22,000    42,000  46,000 24,000                                  Cycle Viscosity                                                                            49,000   185,000  37,000 40,000                                  ______________________________________                                    

Highly preferred Examples 12, 14 and 15 all have acceptable pumpableviscosities, initial and cycle, and pass the accelerated stability test.Examples 12, 14 and 15 have acceptable cycle viscosities and contain0.5% KCl. Note than Example 13 does not contain an electrolyte cycleviscosity stabilizer and has an unacceptably high (185,000 cps) cycleviscosity. Example 14 contains no xanthan, but has an acceptable cycleviscosity. Caprol ET is a higher molecular weight (2300) nonionic anddoes not destroy the cycle viscosity in contrast to the lower molecularweight nonionic as used in Example 9.

                  TABLE 6                                                         ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 16-18                                                                               16         17      18                                          Ingredients    Wt. %      Wt. %   Wt. %                                       ______________________________________                                        Stearic Acid   4.53       4.53    4.53                                        Palmitic Acid  3.74       3.74    3.74                                        Myristic Acid  5.23       5.23    5.23                                        Lauric Acid    2.11       2.11    2.11                                        Triclosan      0.18       0.18    0.18                                        KOH (87%)      2.32       2.32    2.32                                        Glycerine      9.00       9.00    9.00                                        Mayoquest      0.26       0.26    0.26                                        Sodium Lauroyl 8.00       8.00    8.00                                        Sarcosinate (30%)                                                             JR-400         0.30       0.30    0.30                                        Aloe Vera Powder                                                                             0.01       0.01    0.01                                        Perfume        0.18       0.18    0.18                                        KCl            0.50       --      --                                          K-Acetate (55%)                                                                              --         --      --                                          Caprol ET      --         --      0.50                                        Caprol 10G-4-0 --         --      --                                          Capmul 8210    --         --      --                                          Acrysol ICS    --         --      --                                          Hydroxy Ethyl  --         --      --                                          Cellulose (HEC)                                                               Xanthan        --         0.20    --                                          D.I. Water     63.64      63.94   63.64                                       Accelerated Stability                                                                        Pass       Fail    Fail                                        Initial Viscosity                                                                            37,000      11,000  24,000                                     Cycle Viscosity                                                                              35,000     222,000 180,000                                     ______________________________________                                    

Examples 16-18 all have acceptable initial viscosities. Example 16 hasacceptable properties. Like Example 13, Examples 17 and 18 do notcontain an electrolyte. Example 16 has 0.50% KCl and Examples 17 and 18do not have the viscosity stabilizing electrolyte. Examples 17 and 18also failed the accelerated stability test, but at room temp. are phasestable liquid soaps.

                  TABLE 7                                                         ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 19-21                                                                               19         20      21                                          Ingredients    Wt. %      Wt. %   Wt. %                                       ______________________________________                                        Stearic Acid   4.53       4.53    4.53                                        Palmitic Acid  3.74       3.74    3.74                                        Myristic Acid  5.23       5.23    5.23                                        Lauric Acid    2.11       2.11    2.11                                        Triclosan      0.18       0.18    0.18                                        KOH (87%)      2.32       2.32    2.32                                        Glycerine      9.00       9.00    9.00                                        Mayoquest      0.26       0.26    0.26                                        Sodium Lauroyl 8.00       8.00    8.00                                        Sarcosinate (30%)                                                             JR-400         0.30       0.30    0.30                                        Aloe Vera Powder                                                                             0.01       0.01    0.01                                        Perfume        0.18       0.18    0.18                                        KCl            0.50       --      0.50                                        K-Acetate (55%)                                                                              --         1.20    --                                          Caprol ET      0.50       0.50    0.50                                        Caprol 10G-4-0 --         --      --                                          Capmul 8210    --         --      --                                          Acrysol ICS    --         --      --                                          Hydroxy Ethyl  --         --      --                                          Cellulose (HEC)                                                               Xanthan        0.20       0.20    --                                          D.I. Water     62.94      62.24   63.14                                       ______________________________________                                    

Examples 19-21 are tested for multiple cycle viscosity stability. Theirinitial and multiple cycle viscosities are set out below in cps×1000.

    ______________________________________                                                19          20      21                                                ______________________________________                                        Initial   24            16      46                                            Cycle 1   44            50      37                                            Cycle 2   38            80-100  35-75                                         Cycle 3   26            60      28-45                                         Cycle 4   38            65      30-45                                         Cycle 5   35-60         --      --                                            ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 8                                                         ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 22-24                                                                               22         23      24                                          Ingredients    Wt. %      Wt. %   Wt. %                                       ______________________________________                                        Stearic Acid   4.53       4.53    4.53                                        Palmitic Acid  3.74       3.74    3.74                                        Myristic Acid  5.23       5.23    5.23                                        Lauric Acid    2.11       2.11    2.11                                        Triclosan      0.18       0.18    0.18                                        KOH (87%)      2.32       2.32    2.32                                        Glycerine      9.00       9.00    9.00                                        Mayoquest      0.26       0.26    0.26                                        Sodium Lauroyl 8.00       8.00    8.00                                        Sarcosinate (30%)                                                             JR-400         0.30       0.30    0.30                                        Aloe Vera Powder                                                                             0.01       0.01    0.01                                        Perfume        0.18       0.18    0.18                                        KCl            0.50       0.50    0.50                                        K-Acetate (55%)                                                                              --         --      --                                          Caprol ET      --         --      --                                          Caprol 10G-4-0 --         --      0.50                                        Capmul 8210    --         --      --                                          Acrysol ICS    --         --      --                                          Hydroxy Ethyl  --         --      --                                          Cellulose (HEC)                                                               Xanthan        0.20       --      0.20                                        D.I. Water     63.44      63.64   62.94                                       ______________________________________                                    

The multiple cycle viscosities (cps×1000) of Examples 22-24 are:

    ______________________________________                                               22          23       24                                                ______________________________________                                        Initial  24             6       N/A                                           Cycle 1  40            43       N/A                                           Cycle 2  60-70         25-50    N/A                                           Cycle 3  60            45-75    N/A                                           Cycle 4  115           120-180  N/A                                           Cycle 5  --             75-130  N/A                                           ______________________________________                                         N/A = not available.                                                     

The liquid cleansing composition preferably has an initial viscosity offrom about 20,000 to about 40,000 cps and a cycle viscosity of fromabout 25,000 cps to about 70,000 cps.

A series of Examples are made to study the phase stability of thedispersoidal liquids. The levels of soap/fatty acid concentration isvaried. See Table 9.

                  TABLE 9                                                         ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 25-28                                                                Soap Concentration Series                                                     (No Stabilizing Ingredients)                                                               25       26       27     28                                      Ingredients  Wt. %    Wt. %    Wt. %  Wt. %                                   ______________________________________                                        % Soap       9.35     10.2     11.05  11.9                                    % FFA        6.27     6.84      7.41  7.98                                    Soap/FFA Ratio                                                                             1:0.67   1:0.67   1:0.67 1:0.67                                  Accelerated Stability                                                                      Fail     Fail     Fail   Fail                                    Initial Viscosity                                                                           23,000   38,000   50,000                                                                               55,000                                 Cycle Viscosity                                                                            110,000  145,000  155,000                                                                              155,000                                 ______________________________________                                    

Examples 25-28 without stabilizer at room temp. are all phase stableliquid dispersoidal with acceptable initial viscosities; but all failthe accelerated stability test which is conducted under above stressconditions. See Method III above for details.

                  TABLE 10                                                        ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 29-31                                                                The effect of Fatty Acid Chain Length Distribution                            % Soap = 10.2                                                                 % FFA = 6.84                                                                  These formulas also contained the stabilizing                                 ingredients (0.2% Xanthan, 0.5% KCl, 0.5% PGE)                                                 29        30      31                                         Ingredients      Wt. %     Wt. %   Wt. %                                      ______________________________________                                        % C.sub.12 of Total FA's Mix                                                                   13.5      100     --                                         % C.sub.14 of Total FA's Mix                                                                   33.5      --      --                                         % C.sub.16 of Total FA's Mix                                                                   24        --      --                                         % C.sub.18 of Total FA's Mix                                                                   29        --      100                                        Accelerated Stability                                                                          Pass      Pass    Pass                                       Initial Viscosity                                                                              28,000     15,200  4,000                                     Cycle Viscosity  79,200    740,000 17,200                                     Hand Lather      Good      Fair    Very Poor                                  Titer Point °C.                                                                         59.5      44.2    69.6                                       ______________________________________                                    

Examples 29-31 are formulated the same as Example 2, but for their fattyacid chains. The preferred soap chain mix is used in Example 29. Theyall pass the accelerated stability test. A mix containing some higherfatty acid chains and titers about 59.5° C. is preferred for cyclestability. Note that Examples 29 and 26 are the same but for 29 hasstabilizers which provides stability for its cycle viscosity andaccelerated stability.

                  TABLE 11                                                        ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 32-34                                                                The Effect of Fatty Acid Chain Length Distribution                            % Soap = 10.2                                                                 % FFA = 6.84                                                                  These formulas also contained the stabilizing                                 ingredients (0.2% Xanthan, 0.5% KCl, 0.5% PGE)                                               32         33       34                                         Ingredients    Wt. %      Wt. %    Wt. %                                      ______________________________________                                        % C.sub.12 of Total FA's Mix                                                                 50         62.5     12.5                                       % C.sub.14 of Total FA's Mix                                                                 --         12.5     12.5                                       % C.sub.16 of Total FA's Mix                                                                 --         12.5     12.5                                       % C.sub.18 of Total FA's Mix                                                                 50         12.5     62.5                                       Accelerated Stability                                                                        Pass       Pass     Pass                                       Initial Viscosity                                                                             3,200      13,000   4,400                                     Cycle Viscosity                                                                              336,000    210,000  66,800                                     Hand Lather    Fair       Moderate Poor                                       Titer Point °C.                                                                         56.9     50.9     63.7                                       ______________________________________                                    

Examples 32-34 are the same as Example 2, but for the soap chains. Theyall pass the accelerated stability test. The mixes with higher chainsand titers of about 59.5° C. or above are preferred for cycle stability.

The initial viscosities of Examples 32 and 34 can be increased with theuse of more thickener and salt in the formulation.

Referring to Table 12 below, these additional liquid soaps are madeusing the same formula but with I. V.'s of 11, 8, and 5 and with titersof 54.8, 55.9 and 57.4 respectively; they all pass accelerated stabilityand have initial and cycle viscosities of 24,000 and 53,000; 5,200 and60,800; and 3,200 and 36,000 respectively.

                  TABLE 12                                                        ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 35-38                                                                The Effect of Saturation                                                      % Soap = 10.2                                                                 % FFA = 6.84                                                                  Examples 35-38 also contain: 0.50% PGE, 0.5% KCl,                             and 0.2% Xanthan                                                                           35      36        37      38                                     Ingredients  Wt. %   Wt. %     Wt. %   Wt. %                                  ______________________________________                                        Iodine Value <1.0       14        20      30                                  Accelerated Stability                                                                      Pass    Pass      Pass    Pass                                   Initial Viscosity                                                                          28,000   29,800    57,600 13,000                                 Cycle Viscosity                                                                            79,000  175,000   105,000 26,000                                 Hand Lather  Good    Very Poor Very Poor                                                                             Poor                                   ______________________________________                                    

The most preferred Iodine Values are below 1 for stability and latherreasons. An additional benefit of low Iodine Values is no production ofrancid odors due to the oxidation of the unsaturated double bond.

                  TABLE 13                                                        ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 39-41                                                                The Effect of Thickeners                                                      % Soap = 10.2                                                                 % FFA = 6.84                                                                  Soap/FFA Ratio = 1:0.67                                                                   39        40           41                                         Ingredients Wt. %     Wt. %        Wt. %                                      ______________________________________                                        Thickener Type:                                                                           Acrysol   Hydroxy Ethyl                                                                              Xanthan                                                          Cellulose                                               Finished Product                                                                          0.80%     0.80%        0.20%                                      Level                                                                         Accelerated Slight    Slight       Fail                                       Stability                                                                     Initial Viscosity                                                                          58,000    48,000       30,000                                    Cycle Viscosity                                                                           140,000   200,000      160,000                                    ______________________________________                                    

Table 13 supports:

(1) Thickeners improve the stability of the formula.

(2) Thickeners by themselves (without electrolyte) appear not to helpthe cycle viscosity stability.

                  TABLE 14                                                        ______________________________________                                        EXAMPLES 42-44                                                                The Effect of Nonionic (Polyglycerol Esters)                                  % Soap = 10.2                                                                 % FFA = 6.84                                                                  Soap/FFA Ratio = 1:0.67                                                       Formulas also contained: 0.50% KCl and 0.2% Xanthan                                      42         43          44                                          Ingredients                                                                              Wt. %      Wt. %       Wt. %                                       ______________________________________                                        Nonionic Type                                                                            Caprol ET  Caprol 10G-4-0                                                                            Capmul 8210                                 Finished Product                                                                         0.50%      0.50%       0.50%                                       Level                                                                         Accelerated                                                                              Pass       Pass        Pass                                        Stability                                                                     Initial Viscosity                                                                        22,000     26,000       22,000                                     Cycle Viscosity                                                                          49,000     31,000      260,000                                     ______________________________________                                         Caprol ET--mixed polyglycerol esters (HLB = 2.5, chain lengths C.sub.12,      C.sub.14, C.sub.16, C.sub.18, 6-10 glycerol units; M.W. = 2300).              Caprol 10G4-0--decaglycerol tetraoleate (HLB = 6.2; M.W. = 1800).             Capmul 8210--mono/diglycerides of caprylic/capric acids (HLB = 5.5-6.0;       M.W. = 250).                                                             

Table 14 supports:

(1) Nonionics which have larger molecular weight (over about 1000)improve the cycle viscosity in the presence of electrolyte.

    ______________________________________                                        Shear Thinning Factors                                                                 Viscosity    Viscosity                                                        (cps)        (cps)     Shear Thin-                                   Example  at 1 sec.sup.-1                                                                            at 10 sec.sup.-1                                                                        ning Factor                                   ______________________________________                                        1B       38,036       4,003     9.5                                           A        12,800       2,495     5                                             B        7,450        5,522     1.35                                          C        4,220        4,734     0.89                                          D        2,680        3,533     0.76                                          ______________________________________                                    

Examples A, B, C, and D are commercially available liquid personalcleansers, all packaged in pressure actuated pump containers. "A" isDOVE® Beauty Wash which claims to be a "non-soap" product. "B" is LIQUIDIVORY® Soap, which is a K soap based product. "C" is Jergens Liquid Soapand is a synthetic surfactant based product. "D" is Liquid Dial. Example1B has a very high viscosity at a shear rate of 1 sec⁻¹, but its highshear thinning factor (9.5.) makes it possible to pump easily out of apressure actuated pump. Examples B, C, and D have low shear thinningfactors and, therefore, their viscosities are low to ensure pumpability.

Example 1B of the present invention is three times as viscous as DOVE®Beauty Wash and has a shear thinning factor about twice that of DOVE®Beauty Wash. A viscous product with a high shear factor is highlydesirable for both pumpability and in use properties.

What is claimed is:
 1. A dispersoidal liquid soap personal cleansingcomposition comprising:A. from about 5% to about 20% by weight ofpotassium fatty acid soap; B. from about 2.5% to about 18% C₈ -C₂₂ freefatty acid; wherein said fatty acid has an Iodine Value of from zero toabout 15; and a titer of from about 44° to about 70° C.; C. from about55% to about 90% water; andwherein said soap and said free fatty acidhave a weight ratio of about 1:0.5 to about 1:1; and wherein saidproduct has a viscosity of from about 4,000 cps to about 100,000 cps;and wherein said composition contains no more than 10% syntheticsurfactant by weight of said composition.
 2. A liquid cleansingcomposition of claim 1 wherein said Iodine Value is less than 5 and saidtiter is from about 50 to about
 70. 3. A liquid cleansing composition ofclaim 1 wherein said Iodine Value is less than 3 and said titer is fromabout 59 to about
 70. 4. A liquid cleansing composition according toclaim 1 comprising from about 6% to about 14% by weight of saidpotassium soap and from about 4% to about 9% by weight of said freefatty acid.
 5. A liquid cleansing composition according to claim 1comprising from about 1% to about 10% of a high lathering syntheticsurfactant.
 6. A liquid cleansing composition according to claim 1wherein the ratio of potassium soap to free fatty acid is from about1:0.6 to about 1:0.8; and wherein said fatty acid is highly saturatedand has an Iodine Value of from zero to about 10; and wherein said fattyacid is composed of alkyl chain lengths ranging from C₈ to C₂₂ ; andwherein said fatty acid has a titer of from about 59 to about 70, andwherein said composition contains from about 2% to about 6% of a higherlathering synthetic surfactant; and wherein said product has a viscosityof from about 10,000 cps to about 80,000 cps.
 7. A liquid cleansingcomposition according to claim 6 wherein said fatty acid has an IodineValue from zero to 3 and wherein said synthetic surfactant is sodiumlauroyl sarcosinate.
 8. A liquid cleansing composition according toclaim 1 wherein said composition has a shear thinning factor of at least1.5 up to about
 25. 9. A liquid cleansing composition according to claim8 wherein said factor is from about 2 to about
 20. 10. A liquidcleansing composition according to claim 8 wherein said shear thinningfactor is from about 3 to about
 15. 11. A liquid cleansing compositionaccording to claim 1 wherein said fatty acid is composed of chainlengths ranging from C₁₂ to C₁₈.
 12. A liquid cleansing compositionaccording to claim 1 wherein said composition contains from about 60% toabout 80% water; from about 6% to about 14% said potassium fatty acidsoap; from about 4% to about 9% said free fatty acid; and wherein saidfatty acid has an Iodine Value of from zero to 3 and wherein saidviscosity is from about 20,000 cps to about 40,000 cps.